AUSTRALIA

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Geography
Area: 7.7 million sq. km. (3 million sq. mi.); about the size of the 48 contiguous United States.
Cities (2008): Capital--Canberra (pop. 345,000). Other cities--Sydney (4.4 million), Melbourne (3.9 million), Brisbane (1.95 million), Perth (1.6 million), Adelaide (1.2 million), Darwin (120,000), Hobart (209,000).
Terrain: Varied, but generally low-lying.
Climate: Relatively dry and subject to drought, ranging from temperate in the south to tropical in the far north.

Government
Type: Constitutional monarchy: democratic, federal-state system.
Constitution: Passed by the British Parliament on July 9, 1900.
Independence (federation): January 1, 1901.
Branches: Executive--Queen Elizabeth II (head of state, represented by a governor general); the monarch appoints the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. Legislative--bicameral Parliament (76-member Senate, 150-member House of Representatives). The governor general appoints the prime minister (generally the leader of the party which holds the majority in the House of Representatives) and appoints ministers on the advice of the prime minister. Judicial--independent judiciary.
Administrative subdivisions: Six states and two territories.
Political parties: Australian Labor, Liberal, the Greens, the Nationals, and Family First. The Australian Labor Party currently forms the government.
Suffrage: Universal and compulsory 18 and over.
Central government budget (revenue): FY 2008-2009 A$295.9 billion (U.S. $236.7 billion); FY 2009-2010 A$290.6 billion (U.S. $232.5 billion).
Defense: A$25 billion (U.S. $20 billion) or 2.20% of GDP for FY 2009-2010.

Economy
GDP (2009-2010 estimate): A$1.17 trillion (U.S. $893.6 billion).
Inflation rate (year to March 2009): 2.5% per annum.
Reserve Bank official interest rate (May 2009): 3.00%.
Trade: Exports ($178.9 billion, 2008 estimate)--coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment. Major markets--Japan, China, South Korea, U.S. ($10.7 billion), and New Zealand. Imports ($187.2 billion, 2008 estimate)--machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products. Major suppliers--China, United States ($23.96 billion), Japan, Singapore, and Germany.

PEOPLE
Australia's indigenous inhabitants, a hunting-gathering people collectively referred to today as Aboriginals and Torres Straits Islanders, arrived more than 40,000 years ago. Although their technical culture remained static--depending on wood, bone, and stone tools and weapons--their spiritual and social life was highly complex. Most spoke several languages, and confederacies sometimes linked widely scattered tribal groups. Indigenous population density ranged from one person per square mile along the coasts to one person per 35 square miles in the arid interior. When Captain James Cook claimed Australia for Great Britain in 1770, the native population may have numbered 300,000 in as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. In 2006 the indigenous population was approximately 517,200, representing about 2.5% of the population. Since the end of World War II, the government and the public have made efforts to be more responsive to aboriginal rights and needs, most recently with Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's historic apology to the indigenous people in February 2008.

Immigration has been vital to Australia's development since the beginning of European settlement in 1788. For generations, most settlers came from the British Isles, and the people of Australia are still predominantly of British or Irish origin, with a culture and outlook similar to those of Americans. Non British/Irish immigration has increased significantly since World War II through an extensive, planned immigration program. Since 1945 around 6.6 million migrants have settled in Australia, including 690,000 refugee and humanitarian entrants. About 80% have remained; 24%--almost one in four--of Australians are foreign-born. Britain, Ireland, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, and the former Yugoslavia were the largest sources of post-war immigration, but New Zealand is closing on Britain as the largest source country for permanent migrants to Australia, with India, China, and the Philippines making up the rest of the top five. Since the end of World War II, Australia's population has more than doubled.

Australia's humanitarian and refugee program of about 13,000 per year is in addition to other immigration programs. In recent years, refugees from Africa, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia have comprised the largest element in Australia's refugee program. Although Australia has scarcely more than three people per square kilometer, it is one of the world's most urbanized countries. Less than 2.5% of the population lives in remote or very remote areas.

Cultural Achievements
Much of Australia's culture is derived from European roots, but distinctive Australian features have evolved from the environment, aboriginal culture, and the influence of Australia's neighbors. The vigor and originality of the arts in Australia--film, opera, music, painting, theater, dance, and crafts--have achieved international recognition.

Australian actors and comedians such as Nicole Kidman, Rachel Griffiths, Cate Blanchett, Geoffrey Rush, Paul Hogan, Hugh Jackman, the late Heath Ledger, and Dame Edna Everage (Barry Humphries) have achieved enormous popularity in the United States. Directors such as Peter Weir, Philip Noyes, and Russell Mulcahy, the conductor Sir Charles Mackerras, and singers and musicians such as Olivia Newton-John, The Wiggles, AC/DC, Dame Joan Sutherland, Dame Nellie Melba, and Kylie Minogue are well known.

Australian artists with international reputations include Sidney Nolan, Russell Drysdale, Pro Hart, and Arthur Boyd. Writers who have achieved world recognition include Thomas Keneally, Colleen McCullough, Nevil Shute, Morris West, Jill Ker Conway, Peter Carey, Robert Hughes, Germaine Greer, and Nobel Prize winner Patrick White.

In sports, too, Australian athletes are internationally renowned, particularly in swimming, diving, cricket, tennis, rugby, and golf. Australia's share of Olympic medals and world titles is proportionately larger than its share of the world's population.

Australia first of the beautiful beaches and falls, cosmopolitan cities for the World Tourism is the favorite, the Great Barrier Reef, Outback great country, adventure sports and unique wildlife. Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth and Adelaide, where most manufacturers to break the major cities of Australia. In Australia, the Pacific and Indian Ocean, you will see the cricket, beach volleyball or go bungee jumping to diving can be. The experience and how koalas ubiquitous kangaroo, wild fauna in Australia. Australia, to tell you about the birth of tribal people can agree on a journey.

Bondi Beach Australia is located along the shores of Sydney, Australia. One of the more famous and popular beaches in Australia, Bondi offers an array of fun activities, suitable for every budget and every age. From the ancient days of Aboriginal fishing, people have been flocking to Bondi Beach Australia for its warm waters and clean, sandy beaches. Transportation the beach is convenient and frequent, and tourists will find this to be an excellent beach in Australia.

Bondi Beach is a great beach in Australia to bring a family, or relax as an adult. Surf schools in the area offer lessons, as well as equipment rental, and beginners are always welcome. Bondi Beach Australia is also one of the best places for scuba diving. The Bondi Wall is part of a series of steep cliff walls, which run along one of the best spots for.
scuba diving in Australia, and one of the best beaches in Australia. Check with local scuba shops and scuba schools for specific directions to Bondi Wall, as well as tide information.

While Bondi Beach is most lively during the summer, the town of Bondi Beach can be quite fun year round. In addition to having one of the nicest beaches in Australia, the town of Bondi has a lot to offer. The Bondi Beach Market is held every Sunday, year round, at the town's public school grounds. This is a great place to pick up some local art, food, or clothing. Another nice local market is the Bondi Junction Market, also open on Sundays, and located in the Bondi Mall. There are a number of small boutiques and shops located along the beach front, as well as in the town of Bondi Beach itself.

When dining, Bondi Beach offers plenty of café and restaurant options throughout the day. Campbell Parade is a main strip of shops and restaurants in the town, and visitors will find everything from a quick bite, to sit down dining options. When in Bondi Beach, and generally throughout most of Australia, tourists will often see "BYO" on the side of a restaurant, or on the restaurant's menu. This means Bring Your Own Alcohol, and generally most patrons do. Some restaurants charge a very moderate corkage fee, but this is not the norm.

Traveling to Bondi Beach is generally very convenient from any central location in Sydney. Buses travel from Bondi Junction in Sydney right to Bondi Beach Australia just about every ten minutes, until around midnight. Since parking at the beach itself is quite crowded and difficult, the bus is actually the main mode of transport for tourists and locals alike. You will experience much less hassle if you leave your car behind. There are also trains running from Bondi Junction to the beach about every ten minutes, so you'll be sure to have a convenient lift to Bondi.

As an extremely popular beach in Australia, Bondi Beach is a great place to visit if you plan to spend any amount of time in Sydney. Be sure to bring plenty of sun block along as the sun can be quite intense in all temperatures. Bondi Beach Australia offers a fun, warm way to kick back and enjoy a day at the beach.

Australia’s Site’s To See

Australia is located between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean. 7,682,000 sq km. Smallest continent, largest island, sixth largest country in the world. Capital: Canberra. States: Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania. Areas: Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory.
The area of Australia is 7.69 million square kilometers, which Australia only slightly smaller than the U.S. mainland.

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